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Number of People Who Commit Suicide Again After a First Attempt

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Act of trying to kill oneself which the person survives

A suicide attempt is an endeavour to dice by suicide that results in survival.[1] [2] Information technology may exist referred to every bit a "failed" or "unsuccessful" suicide endeavour, though these terms are discouraged by mental health professionals for implying a suicide that results in expiry is a successful and positive outcome.[3] [4] [5] [6]

Epidemiology [edit]

In the United States, the National Plant of Mental Wellness reports there are 11 nonfatal suicide attempts for every suicide expiry.[7] The American Clan of Suicidology reports higher numbers, stating that at that place are 25 suicide attempts for every suicide completion.[8] The ratio of suicide attempts to suicide death is about 25:1 in youths, compared to about iv:1 in elderly.[9] A 2008 review found that nonfatal self-injury is more common in women,[10] and a separate study from 2008/2009 plant suicidal thoughts college among females, likewise as significant differences betwixt genders for suicide planning and suicide attempts.[11]

Suicide attempts are more common amidst adolescents in developing countries than developed ones. A 12-month prevalence of suicide endeavor in developing countries between 2003 and 2015 was reported as 17%.[12]

Parasuicide and cocky-injury [edit]

Without commonly agreed-upon operational definitions, some suicidology researchers regard many suicide attempts as parasuicide (para=virtually)[thirteen] or self harm behavior, rather than "truthful" suicide attempts, equally in lacking suicidal intent.

Methods [edit]

Some suicide methods have college rates of lethality than others. The utilize of firearms results in decease 90% of the time. Wrist-slashing has a much lower lethality rate, comparatively. 75% of all suicide attempts are by drug overdose, a method that is often thwarted because the drug is nonlethal, or is used at a nonlethal dosage. These people survive 97% of the time.[fourteen]

Repetition [edit]

A nonfatal suicide attempt is the strongest known clinical predictor of eventual suicide.[fifteen] Suicide risk among self-harm patients is hundreds of times higher than in the full general population.[xvi] Information technology is often estimated that about 10–fifteen% of people who endeavour suicide eventually die past suicide.[17] The bloodshed take chances is highest during the first months and years after the attempt: about 1% of individuals who attempt suicide will die by suicide if the endeavour is repeated inside one year.[eighteen] Recent meta-analytic evidence suggests that the association between suicide attempt and suicidal death may not be as strong as it was idea before.[19]

Outcomes [edit]

Suicide attempts can result in serious and permanent injuries and/or disabilities. 700,000 (or more) Americans survive a suicide effort each year. People who endeavor either hanging or carbon monoxide poisoning and survive can confront permanent brain damage due to cerebral anoxia. People who accept a drug overdose and survive tin can face severe organ harm (e.g., liver failure). Individuals who jump from a height and survive may face irreversible damage to multiple organs, as well as the spine and brain.

While a majority sustain injuries that permit them to be released following emergency room treatment, a pregnant minority—about 116,000—are hospitalized, of whom 110,000 are somewhen discharged live. Their boilerplate hospital stay is 79 days. Some 89,000, 17% of these people, are permanently disabled.[xx]

Criminalization of attempted suicide [edit]

Historically in the Christian church, people who attempted suicide were excommunicated because of the religiously polarizing nature of the topic.[21] While previously criminally punishable, attempted suicide no longer is in almost Western countries. Information technology remains a criminal crime in most Islamic countries.[22] In the late 19th century in Great britain, attempted suicide was deemed to exist equivalent to attempted murder and could be punished by hanging.[23] In the The states, suicide is not illegal and about no land in Europe currently considers attempted suicide to be a crime.[21]

In India, attempted suicide was decriminalized by the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017,[24] [25] while Singapore removed attempted suicide from their criminal code in 2020;[26] previously it had been punishable past up to one-year in prison.[27]

Many other countries all the same prosecute suicide attempts.[28] Every bit of 2012, attempted suicide is a criminal criminal offense in Republic of uganda,[29] and as of 2013, it is criminalized in Republic of ghana.[30]

Despite having its ain laws, Maryland still reserves the right to prosecute people under the English Mutual laws that were in identify when America declared independence in 1776. These laws were used to captive a human for attempted suicide in 2018, resulting in a 3-year suspended judgement and two years of supervised probation.[31] [32] [33]

Encounter besides [edit]

  • International Survivors of Suicide Loss Day
  • Suicidal ideation
  • World Suicide Prevention 24-hour interval

References [edit]

  1. ^ Danuta Wasserman (2016). Suicide: An unnecessary death. Oxford Academy Press. p. 63. ISBN978-0191026843 . Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  2. ^ "Facts Near Suicide". seven September 2021.
  3. ^ Rory C. O'Connor, Jane Pirkis (2016). The International Handbook of Suicide Prevention. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 13–14. ISBN978-1118903230 . Retrieved September 27, 2017. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  4. ^ Sommer-Rotenberg, D (1998). "Suicide and language". Canadian Medical Clan Periodical. 159 (3): 239–240. PMC1229556. PMID 9724978.
  5. ^ Beaton, Susan (2013). "Suicide and language: Why nosotros shouldn't utilise the 'C' give-and-take". Australian Psychological Lodge. Archived from the original on ane May 2021.
  6. ^ Silverman, M. M. (2006). "The linguistic communication of suicidology". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 36 (5): 519–532. doi:x.1521/suli.2006.36.5.519. PMID 17087631.
  7. ^ Centers for Illness Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS): https://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars
  8. ^ USA suicide 2006 Official final data: JL McIntosh for the American Association of Suicidology 2009. Many figures in that location taken from Reducing suicide: a national imperative, Goldsmith SK, Pellmar TC, Kleinman AM, Bunney We, editors.
  9. ^ "Suicide Statistics — AFSP". American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  10. ^ Nock, 1000. M.; Borges, Yard.; Bromet, Due east. J.; Cha, C. B.; Kessler, R. C.; Lee, S. (14 May 2008). "Suicide and Suicidal Behavior". Epidemiologic Reviews. xxx (ane): 133–154. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn002. PMC2576496. PMID 18653727.
  11. ^ Crosby, AE; Han, B; Ortega, LA; Parks, SE; Gfroerer, J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC). (21 Oct 2011). "Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adults aged ≥18 years--The states, 2008-2009". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002). lx (13): 1–22. PMID 22012169.
  12. ^ Uddin, R; Burton, NW; Maple, Grand; Khan, SR; Khan, A (2019). "Suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts among adolescents in 59 depression-income and middle-income countries: a population-based report". The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 3 (four): 223–233. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(eighteen)30403-6. hdl:10072/387579. PMID 30878117. S2CID 81982117.
  13. ^ "para- - Wiktionary". en.wiktionary.org . Retrieved 2020-08-18 .
  14. ^ Schwartz, Allan N. (Apr 12, 2007), Guns and Suicide
  15. ^ Harris EC, Barraclough B: Suicide as an result for mental disorders: a meta-assay. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 170:205–228
  16. ^ Owens D, Horrocks J, House A: Fatal and not-fatal repetition of self-harm: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 181:193–199
  17. ^ Suominen et al. (2004). Completed Suicide After a Suicide Attempt: A 37-Year Follow-Upward Study. Am J Psychiatry, 161, 563–564.
  18. ^ Hawton K, Catalan J. Attempted suicide: a applied guide to its nature and direction, 2nd ed. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1987.
  19. ^ Ribeiro, JD; Franklin, JC; Fox, KR; Bentley, KH; Kleiman, EM; Chang, BP; Nock, MK (2016). "Cocky-injurious thoughts and behaviors equally take chances factors for future suicide ideation, attempts, and death: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies". Psychological Medicine. 46 (2): 225–236. doi:ten.1017/S0033291715001804. PMC4774896. PMID 26370729.
  20. ^ Stone, Geo (September one, 2001). Suicide and Attempted Suicide. Da Capo Press. ISBN978-0-7867-0940-3.
  21. ^ a b McLaughlin, Columba (2007). Suicide-related behaviour understanding, caring and therapeutic responses. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons. p. 24. ISBN978-0-470-51241-8.
  22. ^ Aggarwal, N (2009). "Rethinking suicide bombing". Crisis. 30 (2): 94–7. doi:10.1027/0227-5910.thirty.2.94. PMID 19525169.
  23. ^ "When suicide was illegal". BBC News. 2011-08-03. Retrieved 2021-12-08 .
  24. ^ Jain, Bharti (11 December 2014). "Government decriminalizes endeavour to commit suicide, removes section 309". The Times of Bharat. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021.
  25. ^ "Govt decides to repeal Section 309 from IPC; try to suicide no longer a law-breaking". 2014-12-x.
  26. ^ Ng, Charmaine (27 Dec 2019). "Scout that cigarette butt and BBQ embers - firestarters to experience more heat from the police from Jan 1". The Straits Times . Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  27. ^ Singapore Penal Code(Cap 224, Rev Ed 2008), s 309
  28. ^ Mishara, BL; Weisstub, DN (2016). "The legal status of suicide: a global review". International Periodical of Law and Psychiatry. 44: 54–74. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.032. PMID 26375452.
  29. ^ Hjelmeland, Heidi; Kinyanda, Eugene; Knizek, Birthe Loa (2012). "Mental health workers' views on the criminalization of suicidal behaviour in Uganda". Medicine, Science and the Constabulary. 52 (3): 148–151. doi:10.1258/msl.2012.011107. PMID 22528562. S2CID 7820312.
  30. ^ Hjelmeland, H; Osafo, J; Akotia, C. South.; Knizek, B. L. (2014). "The constabulary criminalizing attempted suicide in Ghana: The views of clinical psychologists, emergency ward nurses, and police officers". Crunch: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. 35 (two): 132–36. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000235. PMID 24197485.
  31. ^ Andrews, Abby (March 1, 2018). "Rare attempted suicide charge goes through Caroline court". Kent County News. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020.
  32. ^ Dufour, Christine B. (March 7, 2018). "Attempted suicide likely not a crime". The Star Democrat. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  33. ^ Fenton, Justine (Feb 23, 2018). "Attempting suicide is not a crime under Maryland law. But an Eastern Shore human was convicted of it". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attempt

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